What Causes Bruxism?
Bruxism is a common issue that many patients deal with at some point in their lives. Left untreated, it can cause pain in your jaw, ear, chronic headaches, or even chipped or fractured teeth. While it may be difficult to pinpoint the actual cause of bruxism, there are several factors that can exacerbate symptoms and negatively impact quality of life.
What is bruxism?
Bruxism is the unconscious, clenching and grinding of the teeth that many people do in their sleep, though some may experience bruxism during waking hours as well. It can cause major problems if left untreated, and while it is common, the severity of its effects varies case by case.
What causes bruxism?
The cause of bruxism remains unclear, but there are several factors that may play a role. Sleep conditions, such as snoring or sleep apnea, can cause your jaw muscles to tense, leading to clenching or grinding the teeth. Underlying medical conditions can also contribute to bruxism, including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and Huntington's disease. Another factor that can exacerbate bruxism is certain medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and amphetamines.
Another major player is malocclusion, or an abnormal bite. If your teeth do not properly align when your jaw is closed, or if you have missing or very crooked teeth, you may be at a higher risk of bruxism. Your mouth is closed, your jaw should be relaxed, and your teeth should be apart, but your lips should come together. The only time you want your teeth touching is when you are speaking or eating.
Additionally, times of stress that cause you to be anxious or upset can contribute to bruxism. It is important to take note of your body and jaw if you become stressed during the day, and take the time to relax and bring your jaw back to a neutral position.
The use of tobacco products, the consumption of alcohol and caffeine, and fatigue can worsen bruxism as well.
What treatments are available for bruxism?
Your dentist will likely want you to have a sleep study done to determine exactly what the problem is. If you have sleep apnea or snoring issues, custom snore guards are available to help address any sleep issues and hopefully resolve bruxism.
If you do not have any sleep problems, you may be advised to have a night guard made. A night guard is a plastic tray that fits on your upper teeth, and while it does not stop bruxism, it protects your teeth from damage. As with a night guard, patients who experience bruxism during the daytime can have a day guard made. A day card can also be made to fit on your lower teeth, which will be less visible for school or work.
If you wake up with pain in your jaw or ears, or constantly have headaches, speak with your dentist to see if you may be suffering from bruxism. They can help diagnose or, if necessary, direct you to a specialist, ensuring the best treatment option available.